Publications by Subject

Program research and educational activities and accomplishments have been documented in peer-reviewed journal papers, technical reports, student theses and dissertations, and magazine articles. Many of the Program publications are listed here and they are organized by topical area and in reverse chronological order.

Publications

Perspectives on Onsite and Decentralized Systems

Siegrist RL, Lowe KS, McCray JE, Cath TY, Munakata-Marr J. 2013. Onsite and Decentralized Wastewater Systems – Advances from a Decade of Research and Educational Efforts. Australian Water Association journal, Water, Vol 40, No 1, p. 77-84.

McCray JE, SH Christopherson. 2008. Onsite Wastewater Systems and Interactions with the Environment, ASCE J. Hydrologic Engineering, 13(8):653-654.

Siegrist RL. 2008. So Much for So Little: The Modern Soil Treatment Unit. Water Environment & Technology, July 2008, p. 6-12.

Siegrist RL, KS Lowe, JE McCray, J Munakata-Marr, J Drewes, JR Spear, JMB Tomaras. 2007. Advancing the Science and Engineering and Integration of Onsite Wastewater Systems. Invited paper, Proc. The Onsite ’07 International Conference, Armidale, Australia.

Siegrist RL. 2005. Onsite and Decentralized Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse: Critical Approaches and Technologies for a Sustainable Infrastructure. USA-Vietnam Workshop on Water Pollution Prevention Technologies. Hanoi, Vietnam. p. 143-154.

Siegrist RL. 2004. Optimizing Onsite Wastewater System Performance: Some Perspectives and Ideas. Proc. NOWRA 14th Annual Conference and Exposition.

Siegrist RL. 2003. The Role of Research in Sustaining the Future of Onsite Wastewater Systems. Proc. 12th Northwest On-Site Wastewater Treatment Shortcourse, University of Washington.

McCray JE, KS Lowe, RL Siegrist. 2002. Science and Engineering of On-Site Wastewater Treatment Systems: An Overview of Research at CSM. Proc. 4th Southwest Onsite Wastewater Conference.

Siegrist RL. 2002. Advancing the Science & Engineering of Decentralized Wastewater Systems through Research and Education. Proc. 1st New England Wastewater Conference.

Siegrist RL 2001. Advancing the Science and Engineering of Onsite Wastewater Systems. Proc. 9th National Symposium on Individual and Small Community Sewage Systems, ASAE. p. 1-10.

Siegrist RL. 2001. Perspectives on the Science and Engineering of Onsite Wastewater Systems. Small Flows Journal, 2(4):8-13.

Water Use and Wastewater Generation

Conn KE, KS Lowe, JE Drewes, C Hoppe-Jones, MB Tucholke. 2010. Occurrence of Pharmaceuticals and Consumer Product Chemicals in Raw Wastewater and Septic Tank Effluent from Single-Family Homes. Env. Eng. Sci., 27(4):347-356.

Conn KE, RL Siegrist. 2009. Occurrence and Fate of Trace Organic Contaminants in Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems and Implications for Water Quality Management. Colorado Water Institute Completion Rep. 210, Fort Collins, CO. 114 p.

Lowe K, M Tucholke, J Tomaras, K Conn, C Hoppe, J Drewes, J McCray, J Munakata-Marr. 2009. Influent Constituent Characteristics of the Modern Waste Stream from Single Sources: Final Report. WERF, 04-DEC-1. 202 p. PDF available at: www.ndwrcdp.org/publications

Tomaras JMB, JW Sahl, JR Spear, RL Siegrist. 2009. Microbial Diversity of Septic Tank Effluent and the Soil Biozone. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 75(10):3348-3351.

Tucholke MB, NK Rothe, KS Lowe. 2009. A Comparison of Standard Constituents Present in the Modern Waste Stream to Values Reported in the Literature. Proc. NOWRA 18th Annual Technical Education & Exposition Conference.

Tucholke MB, JMB Tomaras, KS Lowe. 2008. Regional Differences in Raw Wastewater and Primary Treated Effluent Characteristics from Single Residential Sources. Proc. of NOWRA 17th Annual Technical Education & Exposition Conference.

Tuchloke MB, D Anderson, KS Lowe. 2008. Mass Loading Rates for Standard Constituents for Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems from Single Residential Sources. Proc. WEFTEC 2008, 81st Annual Conference and Exposition, Water Environment Federation (WEF), Water Environment Research Foundation (WERF) Workshop #116.

Conn KE, RL Siegrist, LB Barber, GK Brown. 2007. Organic Contaminants in Onsite Wastewater Treatment. Proc. Eleventh National Symposium on Individual and Small Community Sewage Systems, American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE).

Tomaras J, JW Sahl, JR Spear, RL Siegrist. 2007. Molecular Characterization of the Microbial Community in Onsite Treatment Units. Proc. 11th National Symposium on Individual and Small Community Sewage Systems, ASABE.

Conn KE, LB Barber, GK Brown, RL Siegrist. 2006. Occurrence and Fate of Organic Contaminants during Onsite Wastewater Treatment. Environ. Sci. Technol., 40(23):7358-7366.

Rothe, NK, KS Lowe. 2006. Wastewater Composition and Variability as Obtained from Literature Sources. Proc. NOWRA 16th Annual Technical Education & Exposition Conference.

Lowe K, N Rothe, J Tomaras, K DeJong, M Tucholke, J Drewes, J McCray, J Munakata-Marr. 2007. Influent Constituent Characteristics of the Modern Waste Stream from Single Sources: Literature Review. WERF, 04-DEC-1. 89 p. PDF available at: www.ndwrcdp.org/publications

Conn KE. 2008. Occurrence and Fate of Endocrine-Disrupting Compounds and Other Trace Organic in Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems. Ph.D. Dissertation. Environmental Science and Engineering, CSM, Golden, CO.

Rothe NK. 2006. Comparison of Raw Wastewater and Septic Tank Effluent Composition through Literature and Field Investigations. M.S. Thesis. Environmental Science & Engineering Division, CSM, Golden, CO.

Siegrist RL. 2005. Characterization of Wastewater Effluents for Onsite System Design. Proc. NOWRA 15th Annual Technical Education & Exposition Conference.

DeJong KE, RL Siegrist, LB Barber, JE McCray, KS Lowe. 2004. Occurrence and Fate of Emerging Organic Chemicals in Onsite Wastewater Systems and Implications on Water Quality Management in the Rocky Mountain Region. Proc. 10th National Symposium on Individual and Small Community Sewage Systems, ASAE. p. 400-407

Drewes JE, JP Croue. 2002. New Approaches for Structural Characterization of Organic Matter in Drinking Water and Wastewater Effluents. Water Science and Technology: Water Supply, 2(2):1-10.

Design and Performance of Confined Treatment Units

Lowe KS, SM VanCuyk, RL Siegrist, JE Drewes. 2008. Field Evaluation of the Performance of Engineered On-Site Wastewater Treatment Units. J. Hydrologic Engineering, 13(8):735-743.

Conn KE, LB Barber, GK Brown, RL Siegrist. 2006. Occurrence and Fate of Organic Contaminants during Onsite Wastewater Treatment. Environ. Sci. Technol., 40(23):7358-7366.

Siegrist RL, J McCray, L Weintraub, C Chen, J Bagdol, P Lemonds, S Van Cuyk, K Lowe, R Goldstein, J Rada. 2005. Quantifying Site-Scale Processes & Watershed-Scale Cumulative Effects of Decentralized Wastewater Systems. NDWRCDP. Washington University, St. Louis, MO. WUHT-02-27. 587 p. PDF available at: www.ndwrcdp.org/publications

Van Cuyk S, RL Siegrist, K Lowe, J Drewes, J Munakata-Marr, L Figueroa. 2005. Performance of Engineered Treatment Units and Their Effects on Biozone Formation in Soil and System Purification Efficiency. National Decentralized Water Resources Capacity Development Project (NDWRCDP). Washington University, St. Louis, MO. WUHT-03-36. 241 p. PDF available at: www.ndwrcdp.org/publications

Larsson E, J Persson. 2004. Viability of Membrane Bioreactor Technology as an Advanced Pre-treatment for Onsite Wastewater Treatment. M.S. Thesis. Luleå University of Technology incorporation with Environmental Science & Engineering Division, CSM.

Wren, A, RL Siegrist, R Laws. 2004. Field Performance Evaluation of Textile Filter Units Employed in Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems. Proc. 10th National Symposium on Individual and Small Community Sewage Systems, ASAE. p. 514-525.

Wren A. 2003. A Field-scale Performance Assessment of Advanced Pre-treatment Units Utilizing Textile Media Filtration for Nitrogen Removal in Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems. M.S. Thesis. Environmental Science and Engineering, CSM, Golden, CO.

Troxell E. 1999. Onsite Wastewater Nitrogen Removal using Zeolites. M.S. Thesis. Environmental Science and Engineering, CSM, Golden, CO.

Design and Performance of Soil-Based Treatment Units

Lowe KS, M Geza, C Tonsberg, et al., 2016. Florida Onsite Sewage Nitrogen Reduction Strategies Study. Hazen and Sawyer, P.C. prime contractor. Project reports (Task D) and further STUMOD development. PDF files available through the Florida Department of Health: https://www.floridahealth.gov/environmental-health/onsite-sewage/research/nitrogen-reduction.html#heading_4

Farrell SA, RL Siegrist, KS Lowe, M Barrett. 2014. Quantifying Rates of Denitrification and Microbial Activity in the Biozone and Shallow Subsurface within Soil Treatment Units used for Wastewater Reclamation. Innovation in Soil-Based Onsite Wastewater Treatment. Soil Science Society of America (SSSA) Conference, Albuquerque, NM, April 6-7, 2014.

McKinley JW, Siegrist RL. 2014. Infiltrative Surface Clogging that Develops during Soil Treatment of Wastewater as Affected by the Interaction of Cations with Organic Matter. Innovations in Soil-based Onsite Wastewater Treatment, SSSA Conference, Albuquerque, NM, April 6-7, 2014.

Siegrist RL. 2014. Engineering Design of a Modern Soil Treatment Unit. Innovations in Soil-based Onsite Wastewater Treatment, SSSA Conference, Albuquerque, NM, April 6-7, 2014.

Siegrist RL, R Parzen, J Tomaras, K Lowe. 2014. Water movement and fate of nitrogen during drip dispersal of wastewater effluent into a semi-arid landscape. Water Research, 52:178-187.

Farrell S. 2013. Method Development and Application for Measuring Representative & Potential Denitrification Rates during Wastewater Reclamation in Soil Treatment Units. M.S. Thesis. Civil and Environmental Engineering, CSM Golden, CO.

Siegrist RL, KS Lowe, M Geza, JE McCray. 2012. Soil Treatments used for Effluent Infiltration and Purification within Onsite Wastewater Systems: Science and Technology Highlights. International Symposium on Domestic Wastewater Treatment and Disposal Systems. Dublin, Ireland.

Siegrist RL, KS Lowe, M Geza, JE McCray. 2012. Effluent Dispersal into Soil for Onsite Treatment/Reuse: Principals and Practice. Nordic Conference of the State of the Art concerning Soil Treatment Systems, Malmo, Sweden.

McKinley JW, RL Siegrist. 2011. Soil Clogging Genesis in Soil Treatment Units used for Onsite Wastewater Reclamation: A Review. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology. Available online 4 July 2011. DOI:10.1080/10643389.2010.497445.

McKinley JW, RL Siegrist. 2010. Accumulation of Organic Matter Components in Soil under Conditions Imposed by Wastewater Infiltration. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 74(5):1690-1700.

Tillotson BE. 2009. The Long Term Performance of Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems as Influenced by Design Parameters. M.S. Thesis. Environmental Science & Engineering Division, CSM, Golden, CO.

Lowe KS, RL Siegrist. 2008. Controlled Field Experiment for Performance Evaluation of Septic Tank Effluent Treatment during Soil Infiltration. J. Env. Eng., 134(2):93-101.

McKinley JW. 2008. Occurrence and Environmental Behavior of Humic Substances and Polysaccharides Accumulating in Soil Wastewater Treatment Units. Ph.D. Dissertation. Environmental Science and Engineering, CSM, Golden, CO.

Siegrist RL. 2008. So Much for So Little: The Modern Soil Treatment Unit. Water Environment & Technology, July 2008, p. 6-12.

Bumgarner J, JE McCray. 2007. Estimating Biozone Hydraulic Parameters in Wastewater Soil-infiltration Systems using Inverse Numerical Modeling. Water Research, 41(11):2349-2360.

Lowe KS, SM VanCuyk, RL Siegrist. 2007. Soil Treatment Unit Performance as Affected by Hydraulic Loading Rate and Applied Effluent Quality. Proc. 11th National Symposium on Individual and Small Community Sewage Systems, ASABE.

McKinley JW, RL Siegrist. 2007. The Occurrence of Humic Substances and Polysaccharides in Soil Treatment Units used for Wastewater Reclamation. Proc. 11th National Symposium on Individual and Small Community Sewage Systems, ASABE.

Parzen RE. 2007. Nitrogen Movement and Fate in a Wastewater Drip Dispersal System in a Semi-Arid Climate. M.S. Thesis. Environmental Science & Engineering Division, CSM, Golden, CO.

Parzen RE, J Tomaras, RL Siegrist. 2007. Controlled Field Performance Evaluation of a Drip Dispersal System Used for Wastewater Reclamation in Colorado. Proc. 11th National Symposium on Individual and Small Community Sewage Systems, ASABE.

Siegrist RL. 2007. Engineering Soil Treatment Units as a Unit Operation in Onsite Wastewater Reclamation Systems. Proc. 11th National Symposium on Individual and Small Community Sewage Systems, ASABE.

Tucholke MB, JE McCray, GD Thyne, RM Waskom. 2007. Correlating Denitrification Rates to Soil Texture using Hierarchical Cluster Analysis. Proc. 11th National Symposium on Individual and Small Community Sewage Systems, ASABE.

Tucholke MB, JE McCray, GD Thyne, RM Waskom. 2007. Variability in Denitrification Rates: Literature Review and Analysis. Proc. NOWRA 16th Annual Technical Education & Exposition Conference.

Van Cuyk SM, RL Siegrist. 2007. Virus Removal within a Soil Infiltration Zone as Affected by Effluent Composition, Application Rate, and Soil Type. J. Water Research, 41:699-709.

Dimick CA, KS Lowe, RL Siegrist, SM Van Cuyk. 2006. Effects of Applied Wastewater Quality on Soil Treatment of Effluent. Proc. NOWRA 16th Annual Technical Education & Exposition Conference.

Lowe KS, RL Siegrist, KN Tackett. 2006. Hydraulic Loading Rate and Infiltrative Surface Architecture Effects on Septic Tank Effluent Treatment During Soil Infiltration. Proc. NOWRA 16th Annual Technical Education & Exposition Conference.

Rauch-Williams T, JE Drewes. 2006. Using Soil Biomass as an Indicator for the Biological Removal of Effluent-Derived Organic Carbon during Soil Infiltration. J. Water Research, 40:961-968.

Siegrist RL. 2006. Soil as a Treatment Media: Soil Treatment Units. Proc. NOWRA 16th Annual Technical Education & Exposition Conference.

Siegrist RL. 2006. Evolving a Rational Design Approach for Sizing Soil Treatment Units: Design for Wastewater Effluent Infiltration. Small Flows Journal, 7(2):16-24.

Tomaras JMB, JR Spear, JW McKinley, RL Siegrist. 2006. Microbial Characteristics of the Wastewater-Induced Soil Biozone. Proc. NOWRA 16th Annual Technical Education & Exposition Conference.

Walsh DR. 2006. Infiltration Rate Behavior in Sand Porous Media as Affected by Effluent Quality, Infiltrative Surface Architecture, and Hydraulic Loading Rate. M.S. Thesis. Environmental Science & Engineering Division, CSM, Golden, CO.

Walsh DR, KS Lowe, JE McCray, RL Siegrist. 2006. Infiltrative Capacity of Receiving Media as Affected by Effluent Quality, Infiltrative Surface Architecture, and Hydraulic Loading Rate. Proc. NOWRA 16th Annual Technical Education & Exposition

Beach DNH, JE McCray, KS Lowe, RL Siegrist. 2005. Temporal Changes in Hydraulic Conductivity of Sand Porous Media Biofilters during Wastewater Infiltration Due to Biomat Formation. J. of Hydrology, 311(2005):230-243.

Dimick CA. 2005. Field Evaluation of Vadose Zone Purification and the Effects of Applied Wastewater Quality and Hydraulic Loading Rate. M.S. Thesis. Environmental Science & Engineering Division, CSM, Golden, CO.

Poeter E, J McCray, G Thyne, R Siegrist. 2005. Designing Cluster and High-Density Wastewater Soil-Absorption Systems to Control Groundwater Mounding. Small Flows Journal, 7(4):24-36.

Rauch T, J Drewes. 2005. Removal Mechanisms of Effluent Organic Matter during Soil Infiltration. Proc. 5th Intern. Symp. on Management of Aquifer Recharge. Berlin, Germany, June 2005.

Rauch T, J Munoz, S Wagner, J Drewes, H Choi, G Amy, E Worch. 2005. Removal of Organic Micropollutants during Soil Infiltration. Proc. 20th Annual Water Reuse Symposium, American Water Works Association (AWWA)/WEF/WRF.

Rauch T, J Munoz, J Drewes, G Amy, H Choi. 2005. Fate of Pharmaceuticals during Soil Infiltration Leading to Artificial Groundwater Recharge. Proc. 5th Intern. Symp. on Management of Aquifer Recharge. Berlin, Germany, June 2005.

Siegrist RL. 2005. Factors Affecting Infiltration of Wastewater Effluents. Proc. NOWRA 15th Annual Technical Education & Exposition Conference.

Diaz AD, RL Siegrist. 2004. Wastewater Infiltration Rate Behavior in Porous Media as Affected by Infiltrative Surface Architecture: Methods Development & Experimental Results. Proc. 10th National Symposium on Individual and Small Community Sewage Systems, ASAE. p. 210-222.

Rauch T. 2004. The Removal of Effluent-Derived Organic Matter Components during Infiltration into Porous Media. Ph.D. Dissertation. Environmental Science and Engineering, CSM, Golden, CO.

Siegrist RL, JE McCray, KS Lowe. 2004. Wastewater Infiltration into Soil and the Effects of Infiltrative Surface Architecture. Small Flows Journal, 5(1):29-39.

Siegrist RL, KS Lowe. 2004. Wastewater Treatment as Affected by Infiltrative Surface Architecture and Hydraulic Loading Rate. Proc. NOWRA 14th Annual Conference and Exposition.

Tackett KN. 2004. Vadose Zone Treatment During Effluent Reclamation as Effected by Infiltrative Surface Architecture and Hydraulic Loading Rate. M.S. Thesis. Environmental Science & Engineering Division, CSM, Golden, CO.

Tackett KN, KS Lowe, RL Siegrist, SM VanCuyk. 2004. Vadose Zone Treatment During Effluent Reclamation as Affected by Infiltrative Surface Architecture and Hydraulic Loading Rate. Proc. 10th National Symposium on Individual and Small Community Sewage Systems, ASAE. p. 655-667.

Van Cuyk SM, J Spear, RL Siegrist, N Pace. 2004. Molecular Analysis Of Microbial Community Associated With Laboratory 1-D Scale Wastewater Impacted Porous Media Biofilters. Proc. 10th National Symposium on Individual and Small Community Sewage Systems, ASAE. p. 387-399.

Diaz A. 2003. Wastewater Infiltration Rate Behavior in Soil as Affected by Infiltrative Surface Architecture: Methods Development and Experimental Results. M.S. Thesis. Environmental Science and Engineering, CSM, Golden, CO.

Van Cuyk SM. 2003. Fate of Virus during Wastewater Renovation in Porous Media Biofilters. Ph.D. Dissertation. Environmental Science and Engineering Division, CSM, Golden, CO.

Logan AJ. 2002. Hydrophobic Contributions to Cryptosporidium Parvum Collection in Granular Media Filters During Municipal Drinking Water Treatment. Ph.D. Dissertation. Environmental Science and Engineering, CSM, Golden, CO.

Lowe KS, RL Siegrist. 2002. Site Evaluation Report for the Wastewater Reclamation Test Site. Final Report prepared for Jefferson County Department of Health and Environment. CSM, Golden, CO, 80401-1887. 24 p. PDF available at: https://smallflows.mines.edu/ Maria – need to keep this flagged as it points to the old website. We will either attach the pdf file here on the new website or delete this reference.

Siegrist RL, JE McCray. 2002. Infiltration Rate Behavior during Wastewater Treatment in Soil Systems. Proc. NOWRA 12th Annual Conference and Exposition.

Siegrist RL, K Lowe, J McCray, D Beach, S Van Cuyk 2002. Accelerated Loading Methods to Evaluate Long-term Performance of Soil PMBs used for Wastewater Treatment. Proc. 11th Northwest On-site Wastewater Treatment Short Course, University of Washington.

Beach DN. 2001. The Use of One-Dimensional Columns and Unsaturated Flow Modeling to Assess the Hydraulic Processes in Soil-Based Wastewater Treatment Systems. M.S. Thesis. Dept. of Geology and Geological Engineering, CSM, Golden, CO.

Logan AL, TK Stevik, RL Siegrist, G Ausland. 2001. Transport and Fate of Cryptosporidium Parvum Through Intermittent Sand Filters During Water and Wastewater Treatment. Water Research, 35(18):4359-4369.

Logan AJ, TK Stevik, RL Siegrist, R Ronn. 2001. Transport and Fate of Cryptosporidium parvum in Intermittent Sand Filters during Wastewater Treatment. Proc. 9th National Symposium on Individual and Small Community Sewage Systems, ASAE. p. 137-146.

Lowe K, S Van Cuyk, E Dodson, RL Siegrist. 2001. Field Evaluation of Virus Treatment Efficiency by Wastewater Soil Absorption Systems with Aggregate-Free and Aggregate-Laden Infiltrative Surfaces. Final project report prepared for Infiltrator Systems, Inc. CSM, Golden, CO, 80401-1887. 45 p. PDF available at: https://smallflows.mines.edu/ Maria – again need to keep this flagged as it points to the old website. We will either attach the pdf file here on the new website or delete this reference.

Siegrist RL, EJ Tyler, PD Jenssen. 2001. Design and Performance of Onsite Wastewater Soil Absorption Systems. Invited white paper presented at the National Research Needs Conference: Risk-Based Decision Making for Onsite Wastewater Treatment. EPRI report no. 1001446, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA.

Siegrist RL, S Van Cuyk. 2001. Wastewater Soil Absorption Systems: The Performance Effects of Process Design and Environmental Conditions. Proc. 9th National Symposium on Individual and Small Community Sewage Systems, ASAE. p. 41-51.

Van Cuyk SM, RL Siegrist. 2001. Pathogen Fate in Wastewater Soil Absorption Systems as affected by Effluent Quality and Soil Clogging Genesis. Proc. 9th National Symposium on Individual and Small Community Sewage Systems, ASAE. p.125-136.

Van Cuyk SM, RL Siegrist, AJ Logan. 2001. Evaluation of Virus and Microbial Purification in Wastewater Soil Absorption Systems using Multicomponent Surrogate and Tracer Additions. Proc. 9th National Symposium on Individual and Small Community Sewage Systems, ASAE. p. 30-40.

Van Cuyk S, R Siegrist, A Logan, S Masson, E Fischer, L Figueroa. 2001. Hydraulic and Purification Behaviors and their Interactions During Wastewater Treatment in Soil Infiltration Systems. Water Research, 35(4):953-964.

Siegrist RL, S Van Cuyk, S Masson, E Fischer. 2000. Field Evaluation of Wastewater Soil Absorption Systems with Aggregate-Free and Aggregate-Laden Infiltrative Surfaces. Final project report for Infiltrator Systems, Inc. CSM, Golden, CO, 80401-1887. 50 p.

Van Cuyk SM, RL Siegrist. 2000. Pathogen Fate in Wastewater Soil Absorption Systems as affected by Pretreatment and Soil Clogging Genesis. Proc. WEFTEC 2000, 73nd Annual Conference and Exhibition, WEF.

Siegrist RL, SM Van Cuyk, A Logan, S Masson, E Fischer. 1999. Hydraulic and Purification Behavior in Wastewater Soil Treatment Systems as Affected by Infiltrative Surface Character and Vadose Zone Soil Depth. Proc. NOWRA 8th Annual Conference and Exposition. p. 181-189.

Stevik T, G Ausland, RL Siegrist, PD Jenssen. 1999. Purification of E. Coli Bacteria During Intermittent Filtration of Wastewater Effluent as Affected by Dosing Rate and Media Type. Water Research, 33(9):2088-2098.

Van Cuyk S, RL Siegrist, A Logan, S Masson, E Fischer, L Figueroa. 1999. Purification of Wastewater in Soil Treatment Systems as affected by Infiltrative Surface Character and Unsaturated Soil Depth. Proc. WEFTEC ’99, 72nd Annual Conference and Exhibition, WEF.

Transport and Fate of Pollutants and Microbes

Siegrist RL, R Parzen, J Tomaras, K Lowe. 2014. Water movement and fate of nitrogen during drip dispersal of wastewater effluent into a semi-arid landscape. Water Research, 52:178-187.

Tonsberg C, M Geza, K Lowe, J McCray. 2014. Development of an Analytical Groundwater Model for Fate and Transport of Nitrogen from Onsite Wastewater Systems. Innovation in Soil-Based Onsite Wastewater Treatment. SSSA.

Wunsch A, J McCray, K Lowe, R Furrer. 2009. Analyzing Wastewater-N and P Concentrations in Soil Treatment Using Multivariate Statistics. Proc. NOWRA 18th Annual Technical Education & Exposition Conference.

Heatwole KK, JE McCray. 2007. Modeling Potential Vadose-Zone Transport of Nitrogen from Onsite Wastewater Systems at the Development Scale. J. Contaminant Hydrology, 91:184-201.

Tucholke MB. 2007. Statistical Assessment of Relationships Between Denitrification and Easily Measurable Soil Properties: A Simple Predictive Tool for Watershed-Scale Modeling. M.S. Thesis. Environmental Science & Engineering Division, CSM, Golden, CO.

Van Cuyk SM, RL Siegrist. 2007. Virus Removal within a Soil Infiltration Zone as Affected by Effluent Composition, Application Rate, and Soil Type. J. Water Research, 41:699-709.

McCray JE, SL Kirkland, RL Siegrist, GD Thyne. 2005. Model Parameters for Simulating Fate and Transport of On-Site Wastewater Nutrients. Ground Water, 43(4):628-639.

Mansell J, JE Drewes. 2004. Fate of Steroidal Hormones During Soil-Aquifer Treatment. Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation, 24(2):94-101.

Van Cuyk SM. 2004. Fate of Viruses in Onsite Systems: The Impact of Effluent Quality. Proc. NOWRA 14th Annual Conference and Exposition.

Drewes J, T Heberer, T Rauch, K Reddersen. 2003. Fate of Pharmaceuticals during Ground Water Recharge. Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation, 23(3):64-72.

Van Cuyk SM. 2003. Fate of Virus during Wastewater Renovation in Porous Media Biofilters. Ph.D. Dissertation. Environmental Science and Engineering Division, CSM, Golden, CO.

Van Cuyk SM, RL Siegrist, RW Harvey. 2002. Fate of Viruses During Wastewater Reclamation in Small-Scale Systems that Rely on Soil Treatment Before Groundwater Recharge. Proc. WEFTEC ’02, 75th Annual Conference and Exposition, WEF.

Fischer EA. 1999. Nutrient Transformation and Fate During Intermittent Sand Filtration of Wastewater. M.S. Thesis. Environmental Science and Engineering, CSM, Golden, CO.

Masson SK. 1999. Fate of Microorganisms in a Soil Infiltration System as Affected by Infiltrative Surface Character and Depth. M.S. Thesis. Environmental Science and Engineering, CSM, Golden, CO.

Source Tracking and Water Quality Assessment

Cui C. 2014. GIS-Based Nitrogen Removal Model for Assessing Florida’s Surficial Aquifer Vulnerability from Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems. M.S. Thesis. Geology and Geological Engineering, CSM Golden, CO.

Geza M, JE McCray, KE Murray. 2010. Model Evaluation of Potential Impacts of On-Site Wastewater Systems on Phosphorus in Turkey Creek Watershed, J. Environ. Qual., 39(5):1636-1646.

Geza M, KE Murray, JE McCray. 2010. Watershed-Scale Impacts of Nitrogen from On-Site Wastewater Systems: Parameter Sensitivity and Model Calibration, J. Env. Eng., 136(9):926-938.

Heatwole KK. 2005. Modeling Subsurface Fate and Transport of Nitrogen from Onsite Wastewater Systems. M.S. Thesis. Environmental Science & Engineering Division, CSM, Golden, CO.

Heatwole K, J McCray, K Lowe, K Murray. 2005. Evaluation of Potential Impacts of ISDS in a Proposed Development Area near Todd Creek, Adams County, CO. Final report submitted to Adams County Commissioners by the Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, August 2005. 80 p.

Van Cuyk S, RL Siegrist, K Lowe, RW Harvey. 2004. Evaluating Microbial Purification during Soil Treatment of Wastewater with Multicomponent Tracer and Surrogate Tests. J. Environ. Qual., 33:316-329.

Albert JM, J Munakata-Marr, L Tenorio, RL Siegrist. 2004. Experimental and Statistical Evaluation of Bacterial Source Tracking in a Subalpine Region by rep-PCR DNA Fingerprinting. Proc. 10th National Symposium on Individual and Small Community Sewage Systems, American Society of Agricultural Engineers (ASAE). p. 470-481.

Bagdol, JL, RL Siegrist, KS Lowe. 2004. Mass Balance Modeling and Water Quality Monitoring for Impact Assessment of Suburban Development with Onsite Wastewater Systems Compared to Urbanized Areas with Centralized Treatment Plants. Proc. 10th National Symposium on Individual and Small Community Sewage Systems, ASAE. p. 146-155.

Dano K. 2004. The Fate of Individual Sewage Disposal System Effluent in Turkey Creek Basin, Colorado. M.S. Thesis. Dept. of Geology and Geological Engineering, CSM, Golden, CO.

Smith HL. 2004. Watershed Scale Impacts of Pollutants in an Alpine Groundwater System. M.S. Thesis. Dept. of Geology and Geological Engineering, CSM, Golden, CO.

Smith HL, GD Thyne, JE McCray, KS Lowe, J Guelfo, RL Siegrist. 2004. Preliminary Evaluation of Anthropogenic Effects on Water Quality within the Blue River Watershed, Summit County, Colorado. Proc. 10th National Symposium on Individual and Small Community Sewage Systems, ASAE. p. 668-678.

Albert JM, J Munakata-Marr, L Tenorio, RL Siegrist. 2003. Statistical Evaluation of Bacterial Source Tracking Data Obtained by rep-PCR DNA Fingerprinting of Escherichia coli. Environ. Sci. Technol., 37(20):4554-4560.

Smith HL, JE McCray, GD Thyne, KS Lowe, RL Siegrist. 2003. Groundwater Characterization of the Blue River Watershed, Colorado to Assess the Potential Impacts of Anthropogenic Pollutants. In: Engineering Geology in Colorado – Contributions, Trends, and Case Histories. Association of Engineering Geologists, Denver, CO.

Albert JM. 2002. Assessment of Bacterial Source Tracking Using Rep-PCR and Classification Methods for Identification of Fecal Contamination. M.S. Thesis. Environmental Science and Engineering, CSM, Golden, CO.

Albert J, J Munakata-Marr, RL Siegrist. 2002. Using rep-PCR as a Tool to Determine the Sources of Non-Point Fecal Contamination in Drinking Water. Proc. WEFTEC ’02, 75th Annual Conference and Exposition, WEF.

Guelfo JL. 2002. Water Quality Monitoring in the Lake Dillon Watershed, Colorado to Enable Assessment of Development Impacts. M.S. Thesis. Environmental Science and Engineering, CSM, Golden, CO.

Mathematical Modeling and Decision Support

Tonsberg C. 2014. Development of an Analytical Groundwater Transport Model. M.S. Thesis. Civil and Environmental Engineering, CSM Golden, CO.

Geza M, KS Lowe, JE McCray. 2014. STUMOD – A Tool for Predicting Fate and Transport of Nitrogen in Soil Treatment Units. Env. Modeling & Assessment, 19:243-256.

Geza M, K Lowe, C Tonsberg, J McCray, E Roeder. 2014. STUMOD-FL – A Tool for Prediciting Fate and Transport of Nitrogen in Soil Treatment Units in Florida. Innovation in Soil-Based Onsite Wastewater Treatment. Conference, Albuquerque, NM, April 6-7, 2014.

McCray JE, M Geza, MB Tucholke, S Roberts, TB Boving, KS Lowe. 2011. STUMOD: A relatively simple model for estimating transformation of onsite wastewater pollutants in soil treatment units (STUs), Symposium of the Alberta Onsite Wastewater Management Association (AOWMA), Edmonton, Canada.

Geza M, JE McCray, KE Murray. 2010. Model Evaluation of Potential Impacts of On-Site Wastewater Systems on Phosphorus in Turkey Creek Watershed, J. Environ. Qual., 39(5):1636-1646.

Geza M, KE Murray, JE McCray. 2010. Watershed-Scale Impacts of Nitrogen from On-Site Wastewater Systems: Parameter Sensitivity and Model Calibration, J. Env. Eng., 136(9):926-938.

McCray J, M Geza, K Lowe, T Boving, D Radcliffe, M Tucholke, A Wunsch, S Roberts, J Amador, J Atoyan, J Drewes, D Kalen, G Loomis. 2010. Quantitative Tools to Determine the Expected Performance of Wastewater Soil Treatment Units. Final Reports and Tools: Guidance Manual, User’s Guide, Visual Graphics, STUMOD, and NCALC. WERF, DEC1R06. PDF available at: www.werf.org

Geza M, EP Poeter, JE McCray. 2009. Quantifying Predictive Uncertainty for a Mountain-Watershed Model, J. Hydrology, 376:170-181.

Geza M, J McCray, K Lowe, M Tucholke, A Wunsch, S Roberts. 2009. A Simple Tool for Predicting Nutrient Removal in Soil Treatment Units. Proc. National Onsite Wastewater Recycling Association (NOWRA) 18th Annual Technical Education & Exposition Conference.

McCray J, M Geza, K Lowe, T Boving, D Radcliffe, M Tucholke, A Wunsch, S Roberts, J Amador, J Atoyan, J Drewes, D Kalen, G Loomis. 2009. Quantitative Tools to Determine the Expected Performance of Wastewater Soil Treatment Units: Literature Review. WERF, DEC1R06. 196 p. PDF available at: www.werf.org

McCray JE, M Geza, KE Murray, EP Poeter, DS Morgan. 2009. User’s Guide for Watershed Scale Modeling of Decentralized Wastewater Systems. Final Report. WERF, 04-DEC-6.

Roberts SM, JE McCray, KS Lowe. 2009. Modeling the Fate and Transport of 5 Organic Wastewater Contaminants in Onsite Wastewater System Soil Treatment Units. Proc. NOWRA 18th Annual Technical Education & Exposition Conference.

Wunsch A, JE McCray, M Geza, DE Radcliffe. 2009. Modeling Soil Treatment Units with Hydrus-2D, Constructed Wetlands Module (CW2D). Proc. NOWRA 18th Annual Technical Education & Exposition Conference.

Geza, M., J.E. McCray. 2008. Effects of Soil Data Resolution on SWAT Model Stream Flow and Water Quality Predictions. J. Environmental Management, 88:393-406.

McCray JE, J Neiber, EP Poeter. 2008. Groundwater Mounding in the Vadose Zone from On-Site Wastewater Systems: Analytical and Numerical Tools. J. Hydrologic Engineering, 13(8):710-719.

Poeter EP, JE McCray. 2008. Modeling Water Table Mounding to Design Cluster and High-Density Wastewater Soil Absorption Systems. J. Hydrologic Engineering, 13(8):702-709.

Bumgarner J, JE McCray. 2007. Estimating Biozone Hydraulic Parameters in Wastewater Soil-infiltration Systems using Inverse Numerical Modeling. Water Research, 41(11):2349-2360.

Geza M, JE McCray. 2007. Modeling the Effect of Population Growth on Stream Nutrient Concentration in Turkey Creek Watershed using the WARMF Model. Proc. Eleventh National Symposium on Individual and Small Community Sewage Systems, ASABE.

Geza M,, JE McCray. 2007. Modeling the Effect of Discharges from On-Site Systems and Sewers on Stream Nutrient Loading in Turkey Creek Watershed Using WARMF and SWAT. Proc. NOWRA 17th Annual Technical Education & Exposition Conference.

Heatwole KK, JE McCray. 2007. Modeling Potential Vadose-Zone Transport of Nitrogen from Onsite Wastewater Systems at the Development Scale. J. Contaminant Hydrology, 91:184-201.

Lemonds PJ, JE McCray. 2007. Modeling Hydrology in a Small Mountain Watershed. J. Amer. Water Resour. Assoc., 43(4):875-887.

Lemonds PJ, JE McCray. 2007. Modeling Phosphorus Loading in an Urban Drinking Water Source Watershed. Proc. WEFTEC 07, 80th Annual Conference and Exposition, WEF.

Lindstrom KA, JE McCray, GD Thyne. 2007. Modeling pf Phosphorus Reactions during Wastewater Infiltration using Analytical and Numerical Modeling Techniques. Proc. 11th National Symposium on Individual and Small Community Sewage Systems, ASABE.

McCray JE, TB Boving. 2007. Urban Watershed Hydrology, J. Amer. Water Resour. Assoc., 43(4):839-840.

Bailey D. 2006. Methods Comparison and Spatial Analysis of Field Parameter Quantification of Unsaturated Flow at an Existing Wastewater Infiltration System: Mines Park, Golden Colorado. M.S. Thesis, Geological Sciences, University of Texas, Austin, TX.

Doyle S. 2006. Phosphorus Transport and Fate During Onsite Wastewater Treatment. M.S. Thesis. Environmental Science & Engineering Division, CSM, Golden, CO.

Geza, M, JE McCray. 2006. Modeling the Effect of Discharges from Septic Systems and Sewers on Stream Nutrient Loading in Turkey Creek Watershed using WARMF and SWAT. Proc. NOWRA 16th Annual Technical Education & Exposition Conference.

Heatwole KK, JE McCray. 2006. A Simple Model for Predicting Nitrate Plumes. Proc. NOWRA 16th Annual Technical Education & Exposition Conference.

McCray JE, KK Heatwole. 2006. Using Analytical Models for Assessment of Nitrogen Removal in the Soil Treatment Unit and Transport in Groundwater. Proc. NOWRA 16th Annual Technical Education & Exposition Conference.

Doyle, S, JE McCray, KS Lowe, GD Thyne. 2005. Modeling Phosphorus Reaction and Transport at an Experimental Onsite Wastewater Site. Proc. NOWRA 15th Annual Technical Education & Exposition Conference.

Heatwole KK. 2005. Modeling Subsurface Fate and Transport of Nitrogen from Onsite Wastewater Systems. M.S. Thesis. Environmental Science & Engineering Division, CSM, Golden, CO.

McCray JE, SL Kirkland, RL Siegrist, GD Thyne. 2005. Model Parameters for Simulating Fate and Transport of On-Site Wastewater Nutrients. Ground Water, 43(4):628-639.

Poeter E, J McCray, G Thyne, RL Siegrist. 2005. Guidance for Evaluation of Potential Groundwater Mounding Associated with Cluster and High-Density Wastewater Soil Absorption Systems. NDWRCDP. Washington University, St. Louis, MO. WUHT-02-45. 135 p. PDF available at: www.ndwrcdp.org/publications

Lemonds PJ, JE McCray. 2004. Watershed-Scale Transport Modeling of Onsite Wastewater Pollutants in the Blue River Drainage Basin, Colorado. Proc. 10th National Symposium on Individual and Small Community Sewage Systems, ASAE. p. 19-26.

Weintraub LHZ, CW Chen, RA Goldstein, RL Siegrist. 2004. WARMF: A Watershed Modeling Tool for Onsite Wastewater Systems. Proc. 10th National Symposium on Individual and Small Community Sewage Systems, ASAE. p. 636-646.

Beach DNH, JE McCray. 2003. Numerical Modeling of Unsaturated Flow in Wastewater Soil Absorption Systems. Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation, 23(2):64-72.

Lemonds PJ. 2003. Simulation of Onsite Wastewater System Pollutants in Summit County, Colorado, using Two Watershed Water Quality Models. M.S. Thesis. Dept. of Geology and Geological Engineering, CSM, Golden, CO.

Lemonds PJ, JE McCray. 2003. Modeling Phosphorus Transport in the Blue River Watershed, Summit County, Colorado. Proc. First Interagency Conference on Research in the Watersheds, USDA, USGS, BLLM, NRCS, EPA, USFS, and Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of Hydrologic Science.

Siegrist RL, J McCray, S Van Cuyk, J Bagdol, K Lowe, P Lemonds, L Weintraub, C Chen, R Goldstein, J Rada. 2003. Quantifying Site-Scale Processes & Watershed-Scale Effects of Decentralized Wastewater Systems. Proc. 12th Northwest On-Site Wastewater Treatment Shortcourse, University of Washington.

McCray JE, PJ Lemonds, DN Beach, SL Kirkland, KS Lowe, RL. Siegrist. 2002. Modeling Fate and Transport of Wastewater Pollutants at Site and Watershed Scales. Proc. NOWRA 12th Annual Conference and Exposition.

Siegrist RL, J McCray, S Kirkland, R Goldstein, C Chen, L Weintraub. 2002. Modeling Nitrogen Transport and Fate in Decentralized Systems at the Single Site to Watershed Scales. Proc. 1st New England Wastewater Conference.

Weintraub L, CW Chen, J Herr, RA Goldstein, RL Siegrist. 2002. Modifications of WARMF to Assess the Efficacy of Onsite Wastewater Systems on Public Health. Proc. WEFTEC ’02, 75th Annual Conference and Exposition, WEF.

Chen, CW, L Weintraub, RA Goldstein, RL Siegrist, S Kirkland. 2001. Framework to Account for Onsite Wastewater Systems in Calculating Total Maximum Daily Loads. Proc. 9th National Symposium on Individual and Small Community Sewage Systems, ASAE. p. 524-532.

Huntzinger D, J McCray, R Siegrist, S Van Cuyk. 2001. Mathematical Modeling of Unsaturated Flow in Wastewater Soil Absorption Systems with Clogging Zones. Proc. 9th National Symposium on Individual and Small Community Sewage Systems, ASAE. p. 106-115.

Kirkland SL. 2001. Coupling Site-Scale Fate and Transport with Watershed-Scale Modeling to Assess the Cumulative Effects of Nutrients from Decentralized Wastewater Systems. M.S. Thesis. Dept. of Geology and Geological Engineering, CSM, Golden, CO.

McCray J, S Kirkland, D Huntzinger, RL Siegrist. 2001. Quantitative Modeling Approaches for Assessing Wastewater Flow and Pollutant Transport in Porous Media. Proc. 3rd NSF International Symposium and Technology Expo on Small Drinking Water and Wastewater Systems. p. 10-18.

McCray JE, DN Huntzinger, SM Van Cuyk, RL Siegrist. 2000. Mathematical Modeling of Unsaturated Flow and Transport in Soil-Based Wastewater Treatment Systems. Proc. WEFTEC 2000, 73nd Annual Conference and Exhibition, WEF.

Siegrist RL, J McCray, D Huntzinger, S Van Cuyk, S Kirkland. 2000. Use of Modeling to Understand and Predict Wastewater Treatment for Onsite Wastewater Systems. Proc. NOWRA 9th Annual Conference and Exposition. p. 135-142.

Education and Training

Siegrist RL. 2018. U.S. Engineering Schools are Still Catching up with Decentralized Wastewater Treatment Systems Course Delivery. Civil + Structural Engineer Magazine. September 1, 2018. 7 p. https://csengineermag.com/article/evolving-education/

Pfluger A, J Munakata Marr, G Vanzin, RL Siegrist. 2018. Learning benefits of integrating socio-economic and cultural considerations into an onsite water reclamation course project. 2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition. Salt Lake City, Utah, June 24-27, 2018.

Siegrist RL. 2017. Decentralized Water Reclamation Engineering. Springer International Publishing, New York, New York. https://www.springer.com/us/book/9783319404714. 947 p.

Siegrist RL. 2017. Decentralized Systems Engineering Course Delivery in U.S. Higher Education – Past, Present and Future. S2SMALL International IWA Conference on Sustainable Solutions for Small Water and Wastewater Treatment Systems, Nantes, France, October 22-26, 2017.

Siegrist RL. 2014. Onsite and Decentralized Systems Water and Wastewater Engineering: Course Development and Delivery Experiences in Higher Education. Innovations in Soil-based Onsite Wastewater Treatment, SSSA Conference, Albuquerque, NM, April 6-7, 2014.